Machine Science 2024 - Number I
Author: Yashar MUSAYEV, Carlo LOCCI, Nizami YUSUBOV, Kamran RZAYEV
Email: yashar.musayev@siemens-energy.com, carlo.locci@siemens-energy.com, nizami.yusubov@aztu.edu.az, kamran.rzayev@mail.ru
Abstract: The critical issue of increase in carbon emissions in the world’s atmosphere will have fatal for the stability of the climate. Therefore, increasingly tangible effects of climate change have led the world’s economies in recent years to intensify their efforts for a transition away from fossil fuels. An exceptional push for innovation is the development of renewable energy sources. One promising complement to intermittent renewable power generation is the conversion of surplus electricity to energy storing products, like hydrogen. Current industrial supply for hydrogen is derived primarily from a carbon-intensive process based on natural gas (steam reforming). Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. On Earth, hydrogen is usually present as part of organic compounds such as methane, ammonia, or water. Siemens Energy is one of the world’s leading energy technology companies. An estimated one-sixth of the electricity generated worldwide is based on technologies from Siemens Energy. The portfolio includes conventional and renewable energy technology, such as gas and steam turbines, hybrid power plants operated with green hydrogen, and power generators and transformers. For the development of green energy systems is electrolysis a one of key technology to meet Paris agreement targets. The joint vision of the companies is to advance the technology to produce green hydrogen from innovative PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane, Fig.1) water electrolysis using renewable energy systems. This paper describes how the green hydrogen, produces via electrolysis technology, will play a significant role in satisfying the rising demand of green fuels in the future.
Keywords: energy transitions, green hydrogen; electrolysis; PEM: Proton Exchange Membrane; MEA: Membrane Electrode Assembly; GDL: Gas-Diffusion-Layer; giga-factory
Author: Viktor GUZEEV, Alexander FILATOV, Alexey MOROZOV, Dmitry ARDASHEV, Anastasia DEGTYAREVA-KASHUTINA
Email: guzeevvi@susu.ru, fil220387@gmail.com, cntk_2005@rambler.ru, ardashevdv@susu.ru, degtiareva-kashutinaas@susu.ru
Abstract: The paper describes the stages of designing a technological cycle, which implements milling the holes with an end mill. We also present the developed CONICALINT software, which generates a G-code with an argument list for calling a technological cycle from the CNC system memory. The developed algorithm for the technological cycle of milling holes with an end mill has a branched structure, since there is a choice between two methods for calculating the internal parameters of the cycle and two milling methods: down cutting or up cutting. The calculation of the internal parameters of the technological cycle consists of calculating the coordinates of the points necessary to construct the helical path of the cutting tool, as well as calculating the value of the maximum permissible value of the helical pitch within a given set of input parameters. The initial data for the calculation are represented by thirteen parameters characterizing the geometry of the cutting tool, the geometry of the desired machined surface, as well as parameters defining the milling method, the calculation method, the cutting mode and the starting points of the cutting tool path. There are eight boundary conditions that determine the acceptable values of the input parameters. Based on these conditions, a system of inequalities is designed with a set of error messages to the user in case of incorrect input of the value of any input parameter. The developed G-code of the technological cycle subroutine for a CNC machine makes it possible to calculate the tool motion, both along helical and conical helical paths, depending on the input parameters. So, you can use it when programming milling of cylindrical and conical holes. The developed CONICALINT software is a visual addition to the developed technological cycle of milling holes that allow you to generate a control G-code with a list of twelve arguments.
Keywords: parametric milling cycle, G-code, end milling, CNC machine
Author: Arif MAMMADOV, Nizami ISMAYILOV, Agil BABAYEV, Mukhtar HUSEYNOV, Ilham ALIYEV
Email: ariff-1947@mail.ru, nizism@mail.ru, aqil.babayev@aztu.edu.az, muxtar.53@mail.ru ilham.aliyev@aztu.edu.az
Abstract: In the conditions of new realities, the main trends of the transition to innovative technologies in the world metallurgical industry, including steel production, were analyzed. The importance of using metallized iron in steel production is justified. The state of steel production in the world's leading countries was evaluated based on modern literature sources and statistical indicators. The main features of the transformation that will lead to the correction of the strategic development vector of the ferrous metallurgy industry in the conditions of tough competition and protection policy have been determined. It has been shown that despite the slow progress of the decarbonization process in the world metallurgical production, strategic orientations are aimed at the application of technological innovations and preservation of social and environmental priorities.
Keywords: new realities, metallized iron, steel production, main trends, statistical indicators
Author: Michael PASHKOV, Ilya AVVAKUMOV, Heyran ABBASOVA, Elgun SHABİYEV, Irada ABBASOVA
Email: mikh-pashkov@mail.ru, iiavvakumov@kai.ru, abbasova.heyran@aztu.edu.az, elgun@aztu.edu.az, i.abbasova@aztu.edu.az
Abstract: The article examines the dynamic programming method based on the principle of optimality, analyzes the theoretical aspects of the method, as well as its use for analyzing a wide range of systems whose behavior in the future can be fully or statistically predicted based on their current state. The research results suggest that dynamic programming is used to solve a variety of tasks, including, but not limited to, the development of algorithms in the fields of machine learning, automated management and the definition of a management strategy for production systems. The paper presents aspects of the application of the dynamic programming method to solve practical problems of optimal process control, demonstrating its effectiveness and versatility in conditions of real operational constraints.
Keywords: dynamic programming, mathematical model, object control, system behavior
Author: Viktor ARTEMYEV , Natalia MOKROVA, Anar HAJIYEV
Email: artemyevvs@mgupp.ru, mokrovanv@mgupp.ru, anar_hajiyev_1991@mail.ru,
Abstract: The article examines the dynamic programming method based on the principle of optimality, analyzes the theoretical aspects of the method, as well as its use for analyzing a wide range of systems whose behavior in the future can be fully or statistically predicted based on their current state. The research results suggest that dynamic programming is used to solve a variety of tasks, including, but not limited to, the development of algorithms in the fields of machine learning, automated management and the definition of a management strategy for production systems. The paper presents aspects of the application of the dynamic programming method to solve practical problems of optimal process control, demonstrating its effectiveness and versatility in conditions of real operational constraints.
Keywords: dynamic programming, mathematical model, object control, system behavior
Author: Rasim BASHIROV, Fuzuli RASULOV, Ilhama HAMDULLAYEVA, Nijat ISMAILOV
Email: rasim_agma@aztu.edu.az, resulovfr@gmail.com, ilhame.hemdullayeva@aztu.edu.az, nicatismayilov1994@mail.ru
Abstract: The issues of the formation of physical and mechanical properties in polymer composite materials consisting of reinforcement (glass fiber) and a matrix (resin) are considered. The reasons causing failures in polymer composite materials of the specified type and products based on them are given. The dependence of the average strength and ultimate relative strain of monofilaments on their length and diameter has been studied. The effect of defects on the surface of reinforcing glass fibers on their strength has been studied. It is shown that with an increase in the length of glass fiber, defects of various types are formed on its surface. An empirical formula for the rate of fiberglass cracking is given. It is shown that the second stage of the glass fiber destruction process is poorly described by a power function with a constant exponent when the level of unloading stresses changes. The dependence of the nominal voltage on the actual voltage in glass fibers is obtained for various values of the coefficients of variation. It is shown that the main processes of interaction between the resin and the fiber occur either at their interface or in the border zone.
Keywords: length, diameter, polymer composition. matrix, fiber, strength, elongation, failure, cracking
Author: Agasi AGAYEV, Govhar ABBASOVA
Email: agasig@aztu.edu.az, govher.abbasova@aztu.edu.az
Abstract: The article examines the effect of the movement trajectory of the cutting tool on the longitudinal cross-sectional accuracy of the details processed on digitally controlled (DC) lathes. Opportunities to improve the accuracy of details are analyzed. The article investigates the influence of the trajectory of the cutting tool on the accuracy of the longitudinal section of parts processed on lathes with computer numerical control (CNC). The possibilities of increasing the accuracy of parts are analyzed. The article describes a method for calculating the trajectory of a turning tool on a machine with numerical control to compensate for elastic deformation when processing of the workpiece. In the process of turning bodies of rotation with low rigidity, elastic deformations occur under the action of cutting force, which negatively affects the accuracy of the machined surface. As a result, an error appears in the form of barrel-shaped, saddle-shaped, or a combination of these errors, depending on the stiffness machine and its individual parts. Based on the calculation of deformation at a constant depth of cut, it is proposed to determine the error, which must be further compensated using the given calculation method. It allows compensation to be carried out by predistortion the trajectory at the stage of programming the control program. Thus, during the turning process, the required diameter will be obtained with minimal errors, which in turn will have a positive effect on the reduction additional processing to remove form errors and improve the quality of part processing.
Keywords: processing accuracy, shape error, machining, workpiece, part, machine tool, cutting tool, trajectory
Author: Matanat MEHRABOVA, Nizami HUSEYNOV, Vladimir KOCHEMIROVSKY, Aygun KAZIMOVA, Afin NAZAROV, Vusala POLADOVA
Email: metanet.mehrabova@aztu.edu.az, nizamiphys@gmail.com, vako4@yandex.ru, aygunkazimova2019@gmail.com, afinnazarov@yahoo.com, poladova-vusale@bk.ru
Abstract: The studied semiconductor structure for photovoltaic cells is composed of SnO2-coated glass and CdMnSe thin film. A study is made by examining the photoluminescence from the surface of the CdMnSe thin film with laser power and sample temperature for an as-grown, then an air-annealed thin film, and undergone CdCl2 treatment. Thin films of Cd1-xMnxSe (x=0.05) were grown on a glass substrate. The lifetime of charge carriers under pulsed illumination was determined from the kinetic decay of the photocurrent. The study of relaxation curves of nonequilibrium photoconductivity under the influence of laser radiation confirmed the presence of two recombination channels - intrinsic and impurity. Photocurrent relaxation occurs through fast and slow recombination channels. The fast relaxation time τ = 13 μs associated with the intrinsic transition, and the slow relaxation time is due to impurity excitation and τ = 20 μs. The photoluminescence spectra of thin films of Cd1-xMnxSe (x=0.05) were studied. The observed emission lines can be divided into three parts. Emission lines with maxima λ1 = 868 nm, λ2 = 888 nm and λ3 = 933 nm, which are caused, respectively, by an optical transition in the region of the edge of the absorption band, an acceptor level located in the band gap and an optical zone-band transition or annihilation of free excitons.
Keywords: Thin film, semimagnetic semiconductor, lifetime, recombination center, photoluminescense
