THE INFLUENCE OF CUTTING CONDITIONS AND TOOL WEAR ON MACHINING EFFICIENCY IN CNC MACHINE TOOLS

In this paper, the primary technological factors influencing the productivity and quality of the machining process in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) multi-operational machine tools – cutting conditions and cutting tool wear – are systematically analyzed. The study indicates that enhancing productivity and improving machining quality are directly dependent on the optimization of the toolpath, the minimization of operational and auxiliary times, as well as the proper selection of cutting conditions. The characteristics of cutting tool wear, particularly radial and flank wear, were analyzed using experimental methods during the machining of workpieces made from various materials, and radial wear was determined to be a more stable indicator. Based on this finding, it is proposed that radial wear be adopted as the primary criterion for the selection of machining parameters. Furthermore, the potential to significantly reduce machine time and increase the efficiency of the production process has been demonstrated through the planning of tool entry and exit paths, the overlapping of passes, and the application of multi-tool machining methods. Different toolpath strategies (such as looping, zigzag, plunging, and contour machining) are presented as factors that directly influence the machining accuracy and surface quality of the part during the creation of control programs. Consequently, in the optimization of technological processes on CNC machine tools, the toolpath strategy, the proper selection of cutting conditions, and the precise analysis of cutting tool wear play a crucial role. The proposed approaches hold practical significance for enhancing productivity and quality in an industrial environment.